Astigmatism ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a maso, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa cornea. Astigmatism nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kubadwa nayo, ndipo nthawi zina, astigmatism ingachitike ngati chalazion yayitali ikanikiza mpira wa diso kwa nthawi yayitali. Astigmatism, monga myopia, siingasinthe. Kawirikawiri, astigmatism yoposa madigiri 300 imatchedwa astigmatism yapamwamba.
Pali mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi magalasi okhala ndi astigmatism okwera, makamaka kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Pantchito yeniyeni, akatswiri athu a maso nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi astigmatism okwera. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha magalasi ndi mafelemu oyenera.
Kusiyana pakati pa astigmatism ndi myopia
Kapangidwe ka cornea ndi kosasinthasintha, osati kozungulira koma kozungulira. Mphamvu yowunikira mbali yowongoka ndi yopingasa ndi yosiyana. Zotsatira zake, kuwala kwakunja kukasinthidwa ndi cornea, sikungathe kupanga focus ikalowa mkati mwa diso. M'malo mwake, imapanga focal line, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti retina iwonekere bwino. Mawonekedwe ake amakhala osawoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masomphenya asaoneke bwino. Mavuto a astigmatism, makamaka astigmatism yofatsa, sangakhale ndi vuto lalikulu pa masomphenya, koma kuchuluka kwa astigmatism kudzakhudza masomphenya.
Myopia imachitika pamene kuwala kwakunja komwe kumalowa m'diso ndipo kumasinthidwa ndi dongosolo la diso loyang'ana. Chithunzicho sichingayang'ane pa retina, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kusawona bwino patali. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa kujambula zithunzi za myopia ndi astigmatism, ndipo ndizosiyana kwambiri pakuwona kwenikweni. Anthu ambiri samvetsa bwino izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chisokonezo.
Pali odwala ochepa omwe ali ndi vuto la astigmatism, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali ndi vuto la astigmatism lofanana ndi la astigmatism kapena la astigmatism lofanana ndi la astigmatism. Pakuchita opaleshoni ya maso, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kutengera kusiyana kwa chithunzi pakati pa astigmatism ndi myopia.
Tanthauzo ndi kuwonekera kwa astigmatism yapamwamba
Kuopsa kwa astigmatism kumagawidwa malinga ndi digiri. Astigmatism pansi pa madigiri 150 ndi astigmatism yofatsa, astigmatism pakati pa madigiri 150 ndi 300 ndi astigmatism yocheperako, ndipo astigmatism pamwamba pa madigiri 300 ndi astigmatism yokwera. Astigmatism yokwera ingayambitse mavuto ambiri m'maso mwathu:
1. Zimayambitsa mutu, maso opweteka, ndi zina zotero: Kusakhazikika kwa maso kwambiri popanda kukonzedwa kungayambitse mutu, maso opweteka, ndi zina zotero. Zingayambitsenso mosavuta kaimidwe koipa monga kupendekera mutu. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusakhazikika kwa maso ayenera kukonzedwa.
2. Kutopa kwa maso: Chifukwa cha mphamvu yosiyana ya refractive ya meridian iliyonse, astigmatism siingapange focus ikayang'ana kuwala kofanana, koma mizere iwiri yolunjika, kotero ubongo umakonda kutanthauzira zinthu mosankha. Kuti muwone bwino malo, astigmatism iyenera kusinthidwa momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kukula kwa bwalo lofalikira kuti muwongolere mawonekedwe a chithunzi. Astigmatism yapamwamba, ngati siikonzedwa bwino kapena popanda magalasi, ingayambitse mutu, kutopa kwa maso ndi zizindikiro zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutopa kwa maso kukhale kosavuta.
3. Kuona zinthu zapafupi ndi zakutali molakwika: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la astigmatism amaona zinthu zakutali ndi zapafupi molakwika. Odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizolowezi chotseka zikope zawo pang'ono ndikuziyang'ana m'mipata kuti aone zinthu bwino.
4. Kutaya maso: M'maso owoneka ngati astigmatism, cholinga chowoneka chomwe chili kutali ndi mzere wolunjika wa retina chidzakhala chopepuka, m'mbali mwake mudzakhala osawoneka bwino, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Masomphenya adzachepa, ndipo pazochitika zazikulu, masomphenya awiri adzachitika. Kuwonjezera pa astigmatism ya thupi, mitundu yonse ya astigmatism ingayambitse kutayika masomphenya mosavuta.
5. Kupanikizika pa diso: Astigmatism nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa ndi magalasi wamba kapena magalasi olumikizana. Ngati kuvulala ndi ma chalazion pa zikope sizikuchiritsidwa pa nthawi yake, zimapondereza diso kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyambitsa astigmatism. Nthawi zina, astigmatism imathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi pseudomyopia. Dziwani kuti gawo la pseudomyopia liyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo astigmatism ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi magalasi.
6. Amblyopia: Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mu astigmatism yapamwamba, makamaka hyperopic astigmatism. Chifukwa chakuti n'zovuta kuona patali komanso pafupi bwino, ndipo masomphenya sangawonekere, amblyopia imachitika kawirikawiri, kenako strabismus imachitika kawirikawiri.
Magalasi owoneka ngati ampligmatic kwambiri
Magalasi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ovuta kupanga chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zakuya. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magalasi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso mapangidwe a aspherical, kotero kuti asawonekere okhuthala kwambiri. Dziwani kuti magalasi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magalasi osiyanasiyana okonzedwa mwamakonda. Astigmatism ikakwera, zimakhala zovuta kusintha, ndipo magawo ovuta kwambiri amafunika kupangidwa. Pa mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, magawo a chimango amafunikanso kuperekedwa kuti athandize pakupanga magalasi.
Posankha mafelemu, muyeneranso kuganizira za makhalidwe apadera a astigmatism yapamwamba kwambiri. Popeza makulidwe a m'mphepete mwa ma lens a astigmatism amasiyana kwambiri, muyenera kusamala kwambiri posankha mafelemu. Sankhani mafelemu oyera a titaniyamu kapena titaniyamu okhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono opingasa komanso olimba kwambiri. Muthanso kusankha mafelemu a acetate fiber kapena mbale okhala ndi kufupika kwabwino. dikirani.
Sikoyenera kusankha mafelemu opanda chimango kapena theka la chimango. Ndi bwino kusankha mafelemu athunthu. Mukamakonza ndi kupanga, samalani kwambiri vuto la kupotoka kwa lenzi lomwe limasintha mzere wa astigmatism wa lenzi chifukwa cha ukadaulo wosakwanira bwino komanso zida zokhazikika.
Momwe mungasankhire mafelemu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri:
A. Perekani patsogolo zinthu zopepuka
Kulemera kwa chimango ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kulemera kwa magalasi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la myopia yambiri, posankha mafelemu, mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu monga titaniyamu yoyera, tungsten carbon, mapepala opyapyala, ndi TR90. Mafelemu opangidwa ndi zinthuzi nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka komanso osavuta kuvala. Ndi omasuka kwambiri, olimba komanso osasinthika mosavuta.
B. Chimango chonse> Hafu ya chimango> Chimango chopanda chimango
Magalasi okhala ndi ma astigmatism ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magalasi okhuthala, ndipo mafelemu opanda malekezero ndi opanda malekezero ochepa amawonetsa magalasiwo, zomwe sizimangokhudza mawonekedwe okha, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mafelemuwo akhale osavuta kusintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunda wapakati wa magalasiwo usinthe komanso kuti ma astigmatism awonekere, zomwe zimakhudza momwe amawongolera. Anthu omwe ali ndi ma astigmatism ambiri ndi bwino kusankha mafelemu okhala ndi mafelemu onse.
C. Chimango chachikulu si chisankho chabwino
Anthu omwe amavala magalasi akuluakulu kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kuona pang'ono komanso kuona pang'ono. Kuvala magalasiwa kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse chizungulire komanso chizungulire. Magalasi akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala olemera ndipo si oyenera anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la myopia yambiri. Kuvala magalasiwa kwa nthawi yayitali kumaika mphuno pampando mwamphamvu, zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa mlatho wa mphuno pakapita nthawi.
Pali zinthu zambiri zofunika pa maso ndi magalasi, monga diopter ndi interpupillary distance. Mukavala magalasi akuluakulu, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ngati mtunda womwe uli pakati pa magalasi awiriwa ukugwirizana ndi mtunda wa diso lanu. Ngati pali kusiyana, ngakhale malangizo a magalasiwo ali olondola, mudzamva kusasangalala mukatha kuvala magalasiwo. Yesani kusankha chimango chokhala ndi mulifupi wocheperako wa galasi, ndipo yesetsani kusunga kutalika kwa pamwamba ndi pansi kukhala kochepa, kuti chitonthozo chisachepe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa peripheral.
D. Sankhani chimango chomwe chili ndi mtunda wapafupi pakati pa magalasi.
Mtunda wa maso ndi maso umatanthauza mtunda pakati pa vertex yakumbuyo ya lenzi ndi vertex yakutsogolo ya cornea. Ma lenzi okonza astigmatism ndi ma lenzi ozungulira. Ngati mtunda wa maso ndi maso ukuwonjezeka, mphamvu yogwira ntchito yowunikira idzachepa (mlingo ukakhala wokwera, kuchepa kwake kumawonjezeka), ndipo kuwona koyenera kudzachepanso. Mtunda pakati pa magalasi a magalasi owoneka bwino kwambiri uyenera kukhala wochepa momwe mungathere. Ponena za kusankha mawonekedwe a chimango ndi kusintha chimango, muyenera kuyesa kusankha ma nose pad kapena ma lenzi omwe ali ndi mtunda wapafupi pakati pa magalasi.
E. Musasankhe mafelemu okhala ndi akachisi opyapyala kwambiri
Ngati makachisi ndi ochepa kwambiri, mphamvu yomwe ili kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa chimango sidzakhala yofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chimangocho chikhale cholemera kwambiri ndikuyika kulemera kwakukulu pamphuno, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalasiwo atsike mosavuta ndikukhudza kumasuka kwa kuvala. Ngati muli ndi astigmatism (makamaka omwe ali ndi astigmatism yapakati mpaka yapamwamba), posankha magalasi, muyenera kusankha mafelemu oyenera mtunda wa pakati pa ana.
Mphamvu ya malo a astigmatism axis pa magalasi
Mzere wa astigmatism ndi madigiri 1-180. Ndidzayang'ana kwambiri kusankha mafelemu a ma axes a astigmatism a 180 ndi 90.
Choyamba tiyenera kudziwa kuti mzere wa astigmatism uli pa 180°, kenako makulidwe ali pa 90° (kutsogolo kolunjika). Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa chimango cha chimango chomwe tasankha sikuyenera kukhala kokwera. Ngati tisankha chimango chokhala ndi chimango chotsika, makulidwe omwe ali kumbali yolunjika adzawonongeka, ndipo magalasi omwe amabwera adzakhala opepuka komanso opyapyala mwachibadwa. (Ngati chimangocho chili chokwera, chidzakhala chozungulira mwachibadwa; ngati chimangocho chili chotsika, chidzakhala chozungulira mwachibadwa.)
M'malo mwake, ngati malo ozungulira ndi 90, makulidwe adzakhala 180 (njira yopingasa). Nthawi zambiri gawo lathu lokhuthala kwambiri limakhala kunja, ndipo makulidwe a astigmatism amawonjezeredwa kunja, kotero makulidwewo amakulitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, chimangocho chiyenera kukhala chocheperako komanso chocheperako, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa m'lifupi mwa lenzi + m'lifupi mwa beam yapakati kuli pafupi ndi mtunda wanu wa pakati pa anapiye, ndiko kuti, chidzakhala chocheperako. Ndikofunikira kusankha lenzi yokwera kwambiri kuti makulidwewo asawonekere kwambiri.
Poyika magalasi, "chitonthozo" ndi "kumveka bwino" nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsutsana ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzigwirizanitsa. Kutsutsana kumeneku kumawonekera kwambiri pa magalasi okhala ndi astigmatism. Kumveka bwino kumafuna kusintha, koma chitonthozo sichitanthauza kumveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, kusavala magalasi ndiko kumveka bwino kwambiri, koma sikumveka bwino.
Magalasi okhala ndi astigmatism yapamwamba ndi osavuta kuwaganizira ndipo amafunika kuganiziridwa bwino mu optometry ndi mankhwala. Mukakumana ndi astigmatism yapamwamba, muyenera kusamala ndi kufanana kwa chimango/lens ndi digiri ya astigmatism ndi malo ozungulira kuti mupewe madandaulo a makasitomala ndi kusasangalala chifukwa cha mavuto a mankhwala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-17-2023