Malinga ndi lipoti lofufuza la World Health Organisation, kuchuluka kwa odwala myopia ku China kudafika pafupifupi 600 miliyoni mu 2018, ndipo chiwopsezo cha myopia pakati pa achinyamata chinali choyamba padziko lapansi.China yakhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lili ndi myopia.Malinga ndi kalembera wa 2021, kuchuluka kwa myopia ndi pafupifupi theka la anthu mdziko muno.Pokhala ndi anthu ambiri otere, ndikofunikira kuti mwasayansi adziwe zambiri zaukadaulo zokhudzana ndi myopia.
Njira ya myopia
Zomwe zimayambitsa myopia sizikudziwikabe mpaka pano.Kunena mwachidule, sitikudziwa chifukwa chake myopia imachitika.
Zomwe zimagwirizana ndi myopia
Malingana ndi kafukufuku wachipatala ndi optometry, zochitika za myopia zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri monga majini ndi chilengedwe, ndipo zingakhale zogwirizana ndi zotsatirazi.
1. Myopia ili ndi chibadwa china.Monga kafukufuku chibadwa zinthu myopia akukhala mozama, makamaka matenda myopia ali ndi mbiri ya banja, panopa anatsimikizira kuti matenda myopia ndi limodzi jini matenda, ndipo ambiri ndi autosomal recessive cholowa..Myopia yosavuta pakadali pano imachokera kuzinthu zingapo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yayikulu.
2. Pankhani ya zinthu zachilengedwe, zinthu monga kuwerenga kwanthawi yayitali, kuyatsa kosakwanira, nthawi yayitali yowerenga, kulemba mosadziwika bwino kapena kocheperako, kusakhazikika bwino, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kuchepa kwa ntchito zapanja, komanso kuchuluka kwa maphunziro kungakhudze kukula kwa myopia.zokhudzana ndi zochitika.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa myopia
Pali magulu ambiri a myopia, chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa kuyambika, chifukwa cha zovuta zowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa myopia, nthawi ya myopia, kukhazikika, komanso ngati kusintha kumakhudzidwa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ndondomeko yamagulu.
1. Malinga ndi mlingo wa myopia:
Low myopia:zosakwana madigiri 300 (≤-3.00 D).
Myopia yapakati:300 digiri mpaka 600 madigiri (-3.00 D~-6.00 D).
Myopia:kupitirira madigiri 600 (> -6.00 D) (amatchedwanso pathological myopia)
2. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a refractive (chifukwa chachindunji):
(1) Refractive myopia,chomwe ndi myopia chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa refractive mphamvu ya diso chifukwa chachilendo diso refractive zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena kusakaniza kwachilendo kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu pamene axial kutalika kwa diso ndi yachibadwa.Mtundu uwu wa myopia ukhoza kukhala wanthawi yochepa kapena wokhazikika.
Refractive myopia akhoza kugawidwa mu kupindika myopia ndi refractive index myopia.Zakale zimayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kupindika kwakukulu kwa cornea kapena mandala, monga odwala keratoconus, mandala ozungulira kapena mandala ang'onoang'ono;omaliza amayamba ndi mochulukira refractive index wa amadzimadzi nthabwala ndi mandala, monga pulayimale ng'ala, iris-ciliary thupi kutupa odwala.
(2) Axial myopia:Imagawidwanso mu non-pulasitiki axial myopia ndi pulasitiki axial myopia.Non-pulasitiki axial myopia amatanthauza kuti refractive mphamvu ya diso yachibadwa, koma kutalika kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo olamulira diso kuposa yachibadwa osiyanasiyana.Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1mm kwa diso la diso kumakhala kofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa madigiri 300 a myopia.Nthawi zambiri, diopter ya axial myopia ndi yochepera madigiri 600 a myopia.Pambuyo diopter wa tsankho axial myopia ukuwonjezeka kufika madigiri 600, axial kutalika kwa diso akupitiriza kuwonjezeka.The myopia diopter imatha kufika madigiri oposa 1000, ndipo nthawi zina imatha kufika madigiri 2000.Mtundu uwu wa myopia umatchedwa kupita patsogolo kwa myopia kapena myopia yopunduka.
Maso ali osiyana pathological kusintha monga mkulu myopia, ndi masomphenya sangathe kudzudzulidwa mokwanira.Mtundu uwu wa myopia uli ndi mbiri ya banja ndipo umagwirizana ndi majini.Pali chiyembekezo cha kulamulira ndi kuchira mu ubwana, koma osati ngati munthu wamkulu.
Plastic axial myopia imatchedwanso pulasitiki weniweni myopia.Zifukwa, monga kusowa mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu pa kukula ndi chitukuko nthawi zingachititse myopia, komanso myopia chifukwa cha ophthalmia kapena thupi matenda.Imagawidwanso mu pulasitiki osakhalitsa pseudomyopia, pulasitiki wapakatikati myopia ndi pulasitiki axial myopia.
(a) Pulasitiki temporary pseudomyopia:Mtundu uwu wa myopia umatenga nthawi yochepa kuti upangidwe kusiyana ndi pseudomyopia ya pulasitiki.Mtundu uwu wa myopia, monga accommodative temporary pseudomyopia, ukhoza kubwerera ku masomphenya abwino mu nthawi yochepa.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya myopia imafuna njira zosiyanasiyana zochira.Makhalidwe a pulasitiki osakhalitsa pseudomyopia: zinthu zikakonzedwa, masomphenya amayenda bwino;zinthu zatsopano zikayamba, myopia ikupitiriza kuzama.Nthawi zambiri, pali mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana kuyambira 25 mpaka 300 madigiri.
(b) Plastic intermediate myopia:The zithunzi acuity si bwino pambuyo kukonza zinthu, ndipo palibe pulasitiki owona myopia kuti amawonjezera zithunzi olamulira.
(c) Plastic axial myopia:Pamene pulasitiki pseudomyopia mu axial myopia mtundu akufotokozera pulasitiki woona myopia, n'zovuta kubwezeretsa masomphenya.Maphunziro a Myopia kuchira 1 + 1 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo liwiro lochira ndilochepa.Zimafunikanso nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
(3) Matenda a myopia:mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya myopia imakhalira limodzi
3. Gulu molingana ndi kukula kwa matenda ndi kusintha kwa ma pathological
(1) Myopia yosavuta:Imadziwikanso kuti myopia ya ana, ndi mtundu wamba wa myopia.Zomwe zimayambitsa majini sizinadziwikebe.Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwazithunzi zowoneka bwino paunyamata ndi chitukuko.Ndi msinkhu ndi kukula kwa thupi, pa msinkhu wina, zimakhala zokhazikika.Mlingo wa myopia nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika kapena wocheperako, myopia ikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masomphenya owongolera amakhala abwino.
(3) Matenda a myopia:Imadziwikanso kuti progressive myopia, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chibadwa.Myopia ikupitirizabe kukulirakulira, ikupita patsogolo mofulumira paunyamata, ndipo diso likukulabe ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka 20. Ntchito yowoneka bwino imawonongeka kwambiri, imawonetseredwa ndi mtunda wocheperapo kusiyana ndi mtunda wapafupi komanso pafupi ndi masomphenya, ndi malo osadziwika bwino komanso kukhudzidwa kosiyana.Kuphatikizidwa ndi zovuta monga kuwonongeka kwa retina kumbuyo kwa mzati wa diso, mawanga a myopic arc, macular hemorrhage, ndi posterior scleral staphyloma, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikukula;masomphenya kukonza zotsatira ndi osauka mu magawo mochedwa.
4.Kugawa molingana ndi ngati pali mphamvu yosintha yomwe ikukhudzidwa.
(1) Pseudomyopia:Amatchedwanso accommodative myopia, amayamba chifukwa cha ntchito yapafupi ya nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa zithunzi, kulephera kumasuka, kupsinjika kwa malo kapena kupindika kwapakhomo.Myopia imatha kutha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti achepetse ana.Komabe, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu wa myopia ndi gawo loyamba la myopia ndi chitukuko.
(2) Myopia weniweni:Pambuyo ntchito cycloplegic wothandizira ndi mankhwala ena, myopia digiri si kuchepa kapena mlingo wa myopia amachepetsa ndi zosakwana 0,50D.
(3) Miyopi yosakanikirana:amatanthauza diopter ya myopia yomwe yachepetsedwa pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a cycloplegic ndi mankhwala ena, koma mkhalidwe wa emmetropic sunabwezeretsedwe.
Myopia yowona kapena yonyenga imatanthauzidwa kutengera ngati kusintha kumakhudzidwa.Maso amatha kuyang'ana okha kuchokera kutali kupita ku zinthu zapafupi, ndipo kuthekera koyenda uku kumadalira kusintha kwa maso.Osakhazikika malawi ntchito ya maso imagawidwa kukhala: accommodative osakhalitsa pseudomyopia ndi accommodative zoona myopia.
Kugona kwakanthawi pseudomyopia, masomphenya amayenda bwino pambuyo pa mydriasis, ndipo masomphenya amayenda bwino maso akapumula kwakanthawi.Mu accommodative wapakatikati myopia, maso acuity pambuyo dilation sangathe kufika 5.0, diso olamulira ndi yachibadwa, ndi periphery wa diso si anatomically anatomically.Pokhapokha pakuwonjezera digiri ya myopia moyenerera ndimatha kuwona bwino kwa 5.0.
Accommodative myopia weniweni.Zimatanthawuza kulephera kwa accommodative pseudomyopia kuti abwezeretsedwe mu nthawi.Izi zimakhala kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nsonga yamaso imatalikitsidwa kuti igwirizane ndi malo oyandikira awa.
Pambuyo pa kutalika kwa axial kwa diso, minofu ya diso imamasuka ndipo mawonekedwe a lens amabwerera mwakale.Myopia yatsiriza njira yatsopano yosinthira.Utali uliwonse wa axial wa diso umakulitsidwa ndi 1mm.Myopia imakula ndi madigiri 300.Accommodative woona myopia aumbike.Mtundu uwu wa myopia weniweni ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi axial true myopia.Mtundu uwu wa myopia woona ulinso ndi mwayi wobwezeretsa masomphenya.
Kuwonjezera pa myopia classification
Tiyenera kudziwa apa kuti pseudomyopia si zachipatala "myopia" chifukwa "myopia" akhoza kukhalapo mwa aliyense, mu chikhalidwe chilichonse refractive, ndipo nthawi iliyonse, ndipo maso adzakhala otopa.Miyopi yomwe imasowa ana akatalikitsidwa ndi pseudomyopia, ndipo myopia yomwe ilipobe ndi myopia yowona.
Axial myopia imayikidwa potengera zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika mu refractive media mkati mwa diso.
Ngati diso lili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, zowonera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili m'diso zimangotulutsa kuwala kwa retina.Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi emmetropic, mphamvu yonse ya refractive ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya refractive m'maso ndi mtunda (ozungulira diso) kuchokera ku cornea kutsogolo kwa diso kupita ku retina kumbuyo ndizofanana.
Ngati mphamvu yonse ya refractive ndi yaikulu kwambiri kapena mtunda wautali kwambiri, kuwala kudzagwa kutsogolo kwa retina mukuyang'ana kutali, komwe ndi myopia.Myopia chifukwa mkulu refractive mphamvu ndi refractive myopia (chifukwa cha corneal sali bwino, magalasi abnormalities, ng'ala, matenda a shuga, etc.), ndi axial myopia chifukwa elongation wa axial kutalika kwa diso kupitirira emmetropic boma (mtundu wa myopia kuti anthu ambiri)).
Anthu ambiri amadwala myopia nthawi zosiyanasiyana.Ena amabadwa ndi myopia, ena myopic muunyamata, ndipo ena amasanduka myopia akakula.Malinga ndi nthawi ya myopia, imatha kugawidwa mu congenital myopia (myopia wabadwa), myopia yoyambilira (osakwana zaka 14), myopia yochedwa (zaka 16 mpaka 18), ndi myopia yochedwa (pambuyo pake). kukula).
Palinso ngati diopter idzasintha pambuyo pa kukula kwa myopia.Ngati diopter sikusintha kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri, imakhala yokhazikika.Ngati diopter imakhala yaitali mkati mwa zaka ziwiri, ikupita patsogolo.
Chidule cha myopia classification
M'magulu azachipatala a ophthalmology ndi optometry, pali magulu ena ambiri a myopia, omwe sitidzawawonetsa chifukwa cha ukadaulo wa microscopic.Pali magulu ambiri a myopia, omwe satsutsana.Amangowonetsa zovuta komanso kusatsimikizika kwa njira ya myopia ndi chitukuko.Tiyenera kufotokoza ndi kusiyanitsa magulu a myopia kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Vuto la myopia la aliyense wa anthu athu a myopia liyenera kukhala nthambi ya gulu lolingana la myopia.Mosakayikira ndizopanda sayansi kunena za kupewa ndi kuwongolera myopia mosasamala kanthu za gulu la myopia.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-24-2023